Thursday, October 9, 2008

OLD 2: 2008-7-23

Dear Investors,

With reference to the attached article, the sovereign fund of China had not made major investments on items/projects like overseas raw materials, energy, and other strategic materials but really on foreign financial institutions. If that is the case, it means both the strategic insight and execution ability of China sovereign fund are weak and ruthless.

In addition, according to the TV program I watched in China, the sales of household appliances are decreasing of this month are decreased by more than 10% than last month, including air conditioners! In other words, suffering from inflation, burst of bubbles of both equity and property markets, and the shrink of manufacturing and export business all combine together work largely against the further growth of internal consumption which once analysts had spoken highly of.

On the other side of the world, US still maintained a high mortgage rate, and even reached a record high of 6.40% for both 30year and 1year ARM. America Express interium result was disappointing and indicative of the forecoming collapse of credit market. Both added together will turn the overseas investors to be more risk-adverse than other period. Also, FED thus, facing a risk of credit crunch higher than hyper-inflation, will be "forced" to continue the low-interest policy to prevent from a total collapse.

Since the consumption by consumers in both OECD and China + India + SEAsia will decrease, the demand on raw material will also decrease. With such expectation, raw material price will readjust. The low USD currency rate may offset the loss of part of such decrease; nevertheless, with a forecoming credit crunch the hot money in the market will seek shelter on fixed-yield products. However, it may not be the US T-bills nor other government T-bills. It may be simple deposit on strong currency, credit swap contracts, or partially, gold.

Yet as gold's price is also subjected to market hot money's speculation, gold cannot be a 100% hedge against the depreciating USD. It will maintain on 926 +/- 50 level.

Overall speaking it is time to manage risk rather than seek return. Another wave of readjustment starts.

美元貶值 中國金融政策受挫
本周一(七月二十一日)是人民幣滙率改革三周年的日子,按中國外滙交易中心在當天公布,銀行同業外滙市場人民幣兌美元滙價報六點八二七一,較滙改前八點二七六五升值百分之二十一點二三,這個升幅,對於中國外貿出口、金融穩定以至國家金融政策應該「何去何從」,都有深刻和長遠的影響。
人民幣升值,主要原因之一是美元貶值速度太快,如果以兌日圓、英鎊等貨幣計,人民幣升幅要小得多,兌歐羅甚至出現貶值。人民幣兌美元滙價不斷攀升,至少為中國政府帶來了三大難題。第一、是外滙儲備萎縮。根據人民銀行七月十五日的數字,截至今年六月底國家的外滙儲備達一萬八千多億美元,由於絕大部分是美元資產,美元貶值令外滙儲備損失慘重,內地經濟學者推算,如果外儲八成以上是美元資產,在一個月內蒸發的外儲金額就達到三百億美元。第二、是美國的金融風暴會直接影響中國。據美國財政部在上月三十日公布的海外持有美國證券狀況報告,中國持有約三千七百六十億美元公司債券,其中資產支持的債券達二千零六十億美元,這種債券主要是住房抵押債券,由房利美和房貸美兩家機構發行或擔保;眾所周知,「兩房」股價在出事後一度暴跌達五成,換言之,兩房債券的風險也波及中國,原來用以保值的美元資產,現在反過來為中國造成更大損失。第三、中國的巨額外儲中有二千億美元通過外滙投資公司進行海外投資,但佔頗大比例仍然投資在美元資產上,其中以去年五月收購百仕通一成股份的投資損失最大,上周五百仕通收市價為十七點二九美元,中投的賬面虧損達十二點四八億美元,跌幅超過四成。至於另一筆的五十億美元購入摩根士丹利可轉換股權單位的交易,也同樣因大摩股價下跌而造成虧損,雖然上述兩項損失都只在賬面上反映,但美國市場的波動加上美元長期弱勢,中國往往會吃眼前虧而又對「慘況」無能為力!
中國要作為經濟大國,最終必須制定自己一套金融政策,放棄與美元掛鈎,否則在國際金融市場上始終無法有效控制風險、被美元牽着鼻子走,現在人民幣兌美元升值速度加快,也是出現在美國次按危機升級之後,聯儲局因擔心信貸收縮和經濟衰退而向市場注入大量流動性,把利率大幅調低,大大加重了人民幣的升值壓力。事實上,現在連胡錦濤主席在年初提出的從緊貨幣政策也難以維持,主要就是因為美國金融風暴轉趨惡化,連帶中國受「牽連」,國家的宏觀調控無法落實,長此以往,不但貨幣政策,連經濟政策也會成為美國的附庸!
人民幣滙價上升,是造成企業出口疲弱的主因之一,當前珠三角、山東等外資企業紛紛倒閉,除了內地產業政策調整令成本上漲,人民幣升值加快令企業利潤大幅收窄,也是重要原因。根據內地媒體的調查,一名長三角的廠商去年年底接到一筆一百萬美元的訂單,以當時人民幣滙率七點三〇四四六作為報價,到了今年三月底的中間價已上升至七點〇一九,美元貶值,廠商在滙率損失達到二十八萬五千多元(人民幣.下同),以紡織品一般利潤率百分之五計,這筆訂單的應有利潤約為三十六點五萬元,經滙率因素「打折」,利潤所得最後不到八萬元,令廠商損失慘重。
隨着內地資本市場進一步開放,人民幣滙率是否應該沿用傳統的貿易和出口指標,正受到不少質疑,國內金融界認為,以資本市場的流動性來衡量滙價,是另一個可行的參考辦法,尤其近期境外資本流入的數量飆升,中國外儲持續保持高增長,資金進出影響人民幣滙率的作用正愈來愈大。因應新形勢,調節人民幣滙價的形成機制,看來是中國政府急不容緩的任務。

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